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6-year-old Tanya Savicheva, 1936
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Born
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January
23, 1930
Village of Dvorishchi, Gdov, Leningrad Oblast (now Pskov Oblast), Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
Died
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July 1,
1944 (aged 14)
Settlement of Shatki, Gorky Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
Cause of death
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Intestine
tuberculosis
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Resting place
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Cemetery
of Shatki
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Nationality
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Russian
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Parent(s)
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Nikolay
Rodionovich Savichev (1884–1936)
Mariya Ignatievna Savicheva (née Fyodorova) (1889–1942) |
Relatives
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Siblings:
Yevgenia (1909–1941), Leonid (1917–1942), Nina (born on November 23, 1918),
Mikhail (1921–1988)
Yevdokia Grigorievna Fyodorova (née Arsenieva) (1867–1942) (grandmother) |
Tatyana Nikolayevna Savicheva (Russian: Татья́на
Никола́евна Са́вичева),
commonly referred to as Tanya Savicheva (January 23, 1930 –
July 1, 1944) was a Russian child diarist who endured the Siege of
Leningrad during World War II.
INTERNET SOURCE:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Savicheva
Early life
Born
on January 23, 1930, she was the youngest child in the family of baker
Nikolay Rodionovich Savichev and seamstress Mariya Ignatievna Savicheva. Her
father died when Tanya was six, leaving Mariya Savicheva with five children:
three girls—Tanya, Zhenya (Yevgenia) and Nina—and two boys—Mikhail and Leka
(Leonid).
The
family planned to spend the summer of 1941 in the countryside, but the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union on June
22 disrupted their plans. All of them, except Mikhail (Misha), who had already
left, decided to stay in Leningrad. Each of them worked to support the army:
Mariya Ignatievna sewed uniforms, Leka worked as a planner at the Admiralty Plant,
Zhenya worked at the munitions factory, Nina worked at the construction of city
defences, and Uncle Vasya and Uncle Lesha served in the anti-aircraft
defence. Tanya, then 11 years old, dug trenches
and put out firebombs.
One
day Nina went to work and never came back; she was sent to Lake
Ladoga and then urgently evacuated. The family was unaware of this and
thought she had died.
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Tanya Savicheva's diary
(1942) and photo (1936) in the bottom-right.
Below is the text translated from Russian. 1st row:
1.
[Sister] Jenya died on 28th Dec. at 12.00 PM 1941
2.
Grandma died on 25th Jan., 3 PM 1942
3.
[Brother] Leka died on 17th March at 5 AM 1942
4.
Uncle Vasya died on 13th Apr. at 2 o'clock after midnight 1942
5.
Uncle Lesha on 10th May at 4 PM 1942
2nd row:
1.
Mom on 13th May at 7.30 AM 1942
2.
Savichevs died.
3.
Everyone died.
4.
Only Tanya is left.
Русский: Дневник Тани Савичевой (1942) и её
фотография (1936, внизу справа). Текст представлен ниже.
Первый ряд:
1.
Женя умерла 28 декабря в 12 часов утра, 1941 г.
2.
Бабушка умерла 25 января в 3 часа дня, 1942 г.
3.
Лёка умер 17 марта в 5 часов утра, 1942 г.
4.
Дядя Вася умер 13 апреля в 2 часа ночи, 1942 г.
5.
Дядя Лёша 10 мая в 4 часа дня, 1942 г.
Второй ряд:
1.
Мама — 13 мая в 730 утра 1942 года.
2.
Савичевы умерли.
3.
Умерли все.
4.
Осталась одна Таня.
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After
a few days in memory of Nina, Mariya Ignatievna gave to Tanya a small notebook
that belonged to her sister and that would later become Tanya's diary. Tanya
had a real diary once, a thick notebook where she recorded everything important
in her life. She burned it when nothing was left to heat the stove in winter, but
she spared her sister's notebook.
The
first record in it appeared on December 28. Each day Zhenya got up when it was
still dark outside. She walked seven kilometers to the plant, where she worked
for two shifts every day making mine
cases. After the work she would donate
blood. Her weakened body could not endure. She died at the plant where she
worked. Then grandmother Yevdokiya Grigorievna died. Then Tanya's brother Leka.
Then, one after another, Uncle Vasya and Uncle Lesha died. Her mother was the
last. That time Tanya probably browsed through the pages and added her final
remark.
In
August 1942, Tanya was one of the 140 children who were rescued from Leningrad
and brought to the village of Krasny Bor.
All of them survived, except Tanya. Anastasiya Karpova, a teacher in the Krasny
Bor orphanage, wrote to Tanya's brother Mikhail, who happened to be outside of
Leningrad in 1941: "Tanya is now alive, but she doesn't look healthy. A
doctor, who visited her recently, says she is very ill. She needs rest, special
care, nutrition, better climate and, most of all, tender motherly care."
In May 1944, Tanya was sent to a hospital in Shatki, where
she died a month later, on July 1, of intestinal tuberculosis.
According
to several sources, one of the documents presented by the Allied prosecutors
during the Nuremberg Trials was the small notebook that once
belonged to Tanya, but there appears to be no proof of this and an argument
against its veracity being that if the diary had been really presented at the
Nuremberg Trials it would have never left the court archives.
Nina
Savicheva and Mikhail Savichev returned to Leningrad after World
War II. The diary of Tanya Savicheva is now displayed at the Museum of Leningrad History and a copy
is displayed at the Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery.
Contents of the diary
Zhenya
died on Dec. 28th at 12:00 P.M. 1941
Grandma
died on Jan. 25th 3:00 P.M. 1942
Leka died on March 17th at 5:00 A.M. 1942
Uncle Vasya died on Apr. 13th at 2:00 after midnight 1942
Uncle Lesha on May 10th at 4:00 P.M. 1942
Mother on May 13th at 7:30 A.M. 1942
Savichevs died.
Everyone died.
Only Tanya is left.
Leka died on March 17th at 5:00 A.M. 1942
Uncle Vasya died on Apr. 13th at 2:00 after midnight 1942
Uncle Lesha on May 10th at 4:00 P.M. 1942
Mother on May 13th at 7:30 A.M. 1942
Savichevs died.
Everyone died.
Only Tanya is left.
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The memorial plaque on the house, when lived
Tanya Savicheva, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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The memorial plate in the court, when lived
Tanya Savicheva, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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Legacy
Tanya
and her diary have become an iconic image of the victims of the siege of
Leningrad in the postwar Soviet Union. In May 1972, a memorial was constructed
in her honor in Shatki, which was later expanded to a memorial complex.
Serbian
poet Miroslav Antic wrote a poem "A lost
rendez-vous" dedicated to Tanya.
2127 Tanya,
a minor
planet discovered in 1971 by Soviet
astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh, is named in her honor.
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